Summer heat increases heat injury risk

  • Published
  • By Airman 1st Class Melanie Holochwost
  • 56th Fighter Wing Public Affairs
LUKE AIR FORCE BASE, Ariz. --  Although heat injury in Phoenix is always possible, exercising outside during the summer months can greatly increase the risk. It is important to know the signs, symptoms, preventive measures and treatment for heat stress, heat exhaustion and heat stroke, because they can kill.

According to Maj. Sean Moore, 56th Medical Group disease manager, there are many factors that affect the risk of heat illness.

"Temperature and humidity are factors that go together," Major Moore said. "You need to be aware of the heat index, which combines air temperature and relative humidity. We are lucky that Arizona isn't usually humid, so normally it feels cooler than it actually is."

Major Moore said heat indexes are considered extreme if above 90 and hazardous if above 100. A heat index above 110 is dangerous.

"Another factor is hydration," he said. "Not only should Airmen be drinking plenty of water but they should also be able to fully perspire which cools the body. This makes clothing important. Our clothes shouldn't trap heat, but instead, they should allow heat to travel freely by being loose-fitting and lightweight."

Major Moore said acclimation is important for new Luke members.

"If you aren't used to the Phoenix heat, take it easy at first," he said. "Gradually acclimate yourself to the weather during the first two weeks."

Even if preventive measures are taken against heat illness, Major Moore said it can still occur. This is why everyone should know the symptoms so they can recognize them in themselves and their wingmen.

"Heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are all degrees of heat emergency," he said. "Action should be taken to cool the individual and prepare to call for medical attention if shock, seizure or fainting occurs."

Heat exhaustion symptoms include headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea and vomiting, and cool, moist skin.

As far as heat stroke, symptoms include hot, dry and red skin; rapid heartbeat; confusion; loss of consciousness; seizures; rapid, shallow breathing; and rapid
weak pulse.

Major Moore said to never underestimate the seriousness of heat injury.

"If you suspect someone is suffering from heat injury, lay the person down in a cool place and elevate the feet about 12 inches," he said. "Apply cool, wet fabric or cool water directly to the skin and use a fan to lower body temperature. If the individual is alert, give him sips of a Gatorade-type drink or water. If he show signs of shock (bluish lips and fingernails, and decreased alertness), starts seizing, or loses consciousness, call 911."